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A fascinating look at the men who made Britain the center of the botanical world—from the author of Magnificent Rebels and New York Times bestseller The Invention of Nature. “Wulf’s flair for storytelling is combined with scholarship, brio, and a charmingly airy style.... A delightful book—and you don’t need to be a gardener to enjoy it.” — The New York Times Book Review Bringing to life the science and adventure of eighteenth-century plant collecting, The Brother Gardeners is the story of how six men created the modern garden and changed the horticultural world in the process. It is a story of a garden revolution that began in America. In 1733, colonial farmer John Bartram shipped two boxes of precious American plants and seeds to Peter Collinson in London. Around these men formed the nucleus of a botany movement, which included famous Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus; Philip Miller, bestselling author of The Gardeners Dictionary; and Joseph Banks and David Solander, two botanist explorers, who scoured the globe for plant life aboard Captain Cook’s Endeavor. As they cultivated exotic blooms from around the world, they helped make Britain an epicenter of horticultural and botanical expertise. The Brother Gardeners paints a vivid portrait of an emerging world of knowledge and gardening as we know it today. Review: Another Absolute Treasure from Andrea Wulf - It should not be too difficult to convince anyone who has read Ms. Wulf's "Founding Gardeners" (about the American founders' interest in plants and agriculture) that she has the unique ability to make books about shrubs and trees absolutely fascinating--even for folks like me who have neither interest in nor knowledge of gardens and plants. She had done it again in this earlier book on the evolution of the English garden. A common individual is central to both books--John Bartram of Philadelphia who as early as 1735 was shipping plants and seeds to Britain. Bartram had many connections as well with American gardeners, including Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Adams, as recounted in the "Founding Gardeners." But it was his shipments to Peter Collinson near London that began the spread of American plants that would eventually result in the development of the English landscape garden. But other key players are discussed as well, including Carl Linnaeus of Sweden who developed a sexual system for classifying plants which eventually came to dominate the study of botany. Another interesting character is Philip Miller whose "Gardeners Dictionary" (1731) was an influential encyclopedia of plants and trees which made information about plants easily accessible to all. The author traces how the very wealthy and titled became interested in stocking their estates with these enchanting American plants and shrubs, many of which were obtained from Bartram. From the upper classes, interest spread to the rest of British society and gardening became a "national craze." Eventually, flowers became enormously popular as well. However, more than just aesthetics were involved. London became the center of the scientific study of botany. Daniel Solander, protege of Linnaeus, became attached to the British Museum. Along with Joseph Banks, the towering figure of 18th century British science, Solander accompanied Captain Cook to Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand, returning with new specimens. The King converted his Kew Garden into a world respected botanical research center. Banks, who eventually headed the Royal Society, opened his Soho Square house and library to serious researchers. All this led to an increasing number of popular publications on gardening, which enhanced foreign interest in the English landscape garden which was replicated in several countries. All of this is recounted with great skill and superb narrative by the author. There are some beautiful illustrations; a Glossary of plants which describes some of those discussed in the text; a good bibliography; and ample endnotes and index to support the author's discussion. I challenge anyone to read this book and not have a happy feeling while doing so. What a pleasurable way to learn! Review: Mother Gardener, perhaps - Do you know why William Bligh's tomb is in the National Museum of Garden History, a few steps from Gertrude Jekyl's boots? Do you know how and why "English" gardens differ from "French" gardens? Probably not. Gardening and Botanical History are the nominal subjects of this book, but the heart of it is one of the great adventures of all time, the first voyage of Cook's HMS Endeavour and it's scientific mission(s). It ranks with the Lewis and Clark expedition or those of Ernest Shackleton in and around Antarctica, in the sweep of the story and importance of the results. If you've read "South" by Ernest Shackleton or "Undaunted Courage" by Stephen Ambrose, you should be prepared for Wulf's presentation of Joseph Banks' around the world quest for scientific knowledge aboard Cook's ship on its way to observe the Transit of Venus, about which Wulf has written another book. Wulf lets the facts speak for themselves and provides many references to source material, much of it online, that will give you hours if not months of adventure of your own. This book is about a more that one huge subject, handled with respect by a very competent scholar. It is about the revolution, if not the invention of gardening, about the invention of Taxonomy, about the seeds of Darwin's studies of evolution, planted by his grandfather. It's about the incredible importance of the Royal Society and some of its Fellows. It's about much more, especially if you are American or English. Any one of these sub-plots has been the subject of many college courses, but this book is definitely not a dry academic text. One of the most important subjects of "The Brother Gardeners" is, indirectly, 18th century American Colonial History. The continuous close relationship between John Bartram and his English "Brothers" when America was about to launch the War of Independence reminds us of how close the colonies were to the English and how badly the English government misread and lost their richest and closest allies. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and a few other people you may have heard of are also important to this first part of "Brother Gardeners". So much so that Wulf has written a second book about some of the "Founding Gardeners". The Kindle Edition may not be for the serious student of Gardening or History. Access to the footnotes is excellent by touch. The footnotes are not distracting and are terse and well done. But if you want to read the extensive bibliography you risk getting lost. And the glossary is almost unreadable since it is in an extremely small typeface and not expandable. Read this book once to learn about the "Brothers". Read it again with a computer handy for the original Notes of Captain Cook and Joseph Banks and others, and above all for the original botanical illustrations from various people mentioned in the text. If you are a biologist and think you know Linnaeus, this book and the online primary source material may revise or amplify you view. This reviewer is an old biologist with more than a year in Antarctica and another in England and some its gardens and I learned something from Andrea Wulf on almost every page of this innocent looking book.
| Best Sellers Rank | #230,940 in Books ( See Top 100 in Books ) #21 in Horticulture (Books) #51 in Gardening & Horticulture Essays (Books) #655 in History & Philosophy of Science (Books) |
| Customer Reviews | 4.6 out of 5 stars 341 Reviews |
R**K
Another Absolute Treasure from Andrea Wulf
It should not be too difficult to convince anyone who has read Ms. Wulf's "Founding Gardeners" (about the American founders' interest in plants and agriculture) that she has the unique ability to make books about shrubs and trees absolutely fascinating--even for folks like me who have neither interest in nor knowledge of gardens and plants. She had done it again in this earlier book on the evolution of the English garden. A common individual is central to both books--John Bartram of Philadelphia who as early as 1735 was shipping plants and seeds to Britain. Bartram had many connections as well with American gardeners, including Washington, Jefferson, Madison and Adams, as recounted in the "Founding Gardeners." But it was his shipments to Peter Collinson near London that began the spread of American plants that would eventually result in the development of the English landscape garden. But other key players are discussed as well, including Carl Linnaeus of Sweden who developed a sexual system for classifying plants which eventually came to dominate the study of botany. Another interesting character is Philip Miller whose "Gardeners Dictionary" (1731) was an influential encyclopedia of plants and trees which made information about plants easily accessible to all. The author traces how the very wealthy and titled became interested in stocking their estates with these enchanting American plants and shrubs, many of which were obtained from Bartram. From the upper classes, interest spread to the rest of British society and gardening became a "national craze." Eventually, flowers became enormously popular as well. However, more than just aesthetics were involved. London became the center of the scientific study of botany. Daniel Solander, protege of Linnaeus, became attached to the British Museum. Along with Joseph Banks, the towering figure of 18th century British science, Solander accompanied Captain Cook to Tahiti, Australia and New Zealand, returning with new specimens. The King converted his Kew Garden into a world respected botanical research center. Banks, who eventually headed the Royal Society, opened his Soho Square house and library to serious researchers. All this led to an increasing number of popular publications on gardening, which enhanced foreign interest in the English landscape garden which was replicated in several countries. All of this is recounted with great skill and superb narrative by the author. There are some beautiful illustrations; a Glossary of plants which describes some of those discussed in the text; a good bibliography; and ample endnotes and index to support the author's discussion. I challenge anyone to read this book and not have a happy feeling while doing so. What a pleasurable way to learn!
D**N
Mother Gardener, perhaps
Do you know why William Bligh's tomb is in the National Museum of Garden History, a few steps from Gertrude Jekyl's boots? Do you know how and why "English" gardens differ from "French" gardens? Probably not. Gardening and Botanical History are the nominal subjects of this book, but the heart of it is one of the great adventures of all time, the first voyage of Cook's HMS Endeavour and it's scientific mission(s). It ranks with the Lewis and Clark expedition or those of Ernest Shackleton in and around Antarctica, in the sweep of the story and importance of the results. If you've read "South" by Ernest Shackleton or "Undaunted Courage" by Stephen Ambrose, you should be prepared for Wulf's presentation of Joseph Banks' around the world quest for scientific knowledge aboard Cook's ship on its way to observe the Transit of Venus, about which Wulf has written another book. Wulf lets the facts speak for themselves and provides many references to source material, much of it online, that will give you hours if not months of adventure of your own. This book is about a more that one huge subject, handled with respect by a very competent scholar. It is about the revolution, if not the invention of gardening, about the invention of Taxonomy, about the seeds of Darwin's studies of evolution, planted by his grandfather. It's about the incredible importance of the Royal Society and some of its Fellows. It's about much more, especially if you are American or English. Any one of these sub-plots has been the subject of many college courses, but this book is definitely not a dry academic text. One of the most important subjects of "The Brother Gardeners" is, indirectly, 18th century American Colonial History. The continuous close relationship between John Bartram and his English "Brothers" when America was about to launch the War of Independence reminds us of how close the colonies were to the English and how badly the English government misread and lost their richest and closest allies. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson and a few other people you may have heard of are also important to this first part of "Brother Gardeners". So much so that Wulf has written a second book about some of the "Founding Gardeners". The Kindle Edition may not be for the serious student of Gardening or History. Access to the footnotes is excellent by touch. The footnotes are not distracting and are terse and well done. But if you want to read the extensive bibliography you risk getting lost. And the glossary is almost unreadable since it is in an extremely small typeface and not expandable. Read this book once to learn about the "Brothers". Read it again with a computer handy for the original Notes of Captain Cook and Joseph Banks and others, and above all for the original botanical illustrations from various people mentioned in the text. If you are a biologist and think you know Linnaeus, this book and the online primary source material may revise or amplify you view. This reviewer is an old biologist with more than a year in Antarctica and another in England and some its gardens and I learned something from Andrea Wulf on almost every page of this innocent looking book.
C**Y
Wonderful wonderful!
I majored in Biology in college, but honestly never found Botany terribly engaging. The history of botanists didn't even hit my radar. I found this book as I'm just entering into a career in teaching and am so glad it was recommended by Amazon! Andrea Wulf has an amazing way of integrating the correspondence and publications of her Botanical subjects in a way that is both engaging and informative. I felt like I was reading a copy of Darwin meets Jane Austen (for Botanists)! My only reason for giving a four star rather than five rating is simply because I do agree that the book slows a bit with the introduction of Linnaeus, but it does pick up again after a couple of chapters. However, I also felt this was a necessary digression into the technical aspects of discovery and Linnaeus' significant influence on the world of Botany. With the content being couched so nicely in the midst of this engaging story it gave me a reason to sort through the challenge in order to get back to the Brittish-American dialogue later. It is the introduction of the scientific names of so many plants that is the challenging part, but so necessary to understanding how Binomial nomenclature was introduced and gradually accepted. So many innovative and foundational concepts being introduced! I applaud how well she handled the whole subject. I look forward to reading her recent book on the Founding Fathers.
K**K
The Brother Gardeners
. If you love the 18th century and gardening and adventure stories, Andrea Wulf's books are made for you. You will laugh and you will wince at the office politics, the one-upmanship, and the sheer joy and camaraderie found in "The Brother Gardeners." This story of the tight fraternity of early botanists is divided into two related sections. The first half of the book focuses on John Bartram of Philadelphia and his business partnership with Peter Collinson of England. The impact one hard-working Pennsylvania Quaker had on the international trade and exchange of plants is breath-taking. Seed by seed, pine cone by pine cone, plant by plant, John Bartram changed the face of English gardens forever. Bartram's adventures in collecting plants and seeds to fill Collinson's orders are phenomenal--climbing trees, canoeing, hiking, crawling through caves, and during the French and Indian War, searching for plants along the dangerous frontier. Collinson's frustrations when incoming shipments are spoiled by the weather or plundered by pirates and his squabbling friendship with Bartram are both sad and funny. The second part of the book picks up after both Bartram and Collinson have died. This section has some of the same characters as Part One, now focusing on Daniel Solander and Joseph Banks, the second generation of botanist-adventurers. Their adventures and discoveries with Captain Cook on the "Endeavour" and their trip to Tahiti with Captain Bligh on the "Bounty," put an exciting spin on botany, global exploration, and international trade. One of the many threads that tie the two sections of the book together is the story of Carl Linnaeus. An important scientific figure, a brilliant egomaniac, a proud and lonely man, Linnaeus adds a bit of spikiness to the story. The book is fascinating and should be read for pleasure, as well as for its lessons in history, botany, and international trade. Great book! Kim Burdick Stanton, DE
I**N
Excellent book by Andrea Wulf! Well done! Will keep it forever!
I bought two copies... loved it, loved it, loved it. Wanted to keep both for the love of it. Well written, wonderfully researched. Amazing topic. Thank you for sharing your gift of writing with us, Andrea. Lovely book. Will keep it forever. And all these historical characters now live close to my heart.
S**M
LOVE this book
Wonderful history of the English horticulturists who transformed the traditional English garden by importing plants from all over the world. Includes the development of plant taxonomy too. Includes detail and science-y concepts but told with flair and very readable. For gardeners and general history buffs.
W**S
it can become a bit tedious and sometimes repetitive if you lose interest along the ...
I personally found this to be a very interesting book with a lot of history and botany details. For a serious gardener it probably rates 4 stars--or more. However, it can become a bit tedious and sometimes repetitive if you lose interest along the way.
C**N
The Obsession with Having the Latest Plant and Its Impact on History
It was fascinating to learn how many plants that I think of as core to the British garden were initially introduced from North America. This is a great book for its perspective on the importance of the plant trade and exploration in the 18th century, and the central role that botany placed in the history and scientific revolution of this era. The book sparked an interest for me in learning more about the Royal Society, England's Academy of Sciences, as well as reading another book on my shelf (Blue Latitudes, Tony Horwitz's book about the journeys of Captain Cook). In addition to Cook's botanic journeys, we learn that Captain Bligh's voyage on the Bounty (as in "mutiny on the Bounty) was a botanic mission to transport Breadfruit trees from the East Indies to the West Indies. I appreciated the scandal with which Linnaeus's initial "sexual" classification system must have been met, as well as the pure politics of naming plants after famous people. I tried to think about whether I would have loved this as much if I weren't a gardener - I think the history would be interesting to anyone. The book may be most appealing to those who are interested in the plants that are mentioned, or in the global plant trade and how it contributed to exploration of the globe.
M**I
Fascinating and nicely interwoven historical facts
Very interesting book, on a history of plants and gardens, and those who created them, that I read as background for a talk I'm doing later this year. Love the way all the characters are linked in a chain of brothers in botany, through the centuries. Great book.
S**J
Nicht nur Humboldt ...
In England war das Gärtnern nie nur eine Tätigkeit von Rentnern. Andrea Wulf erzählt dies lebendig und kenntnisreich und zeigt, dass die Tradition der Gärten in England eine lange Geschichte hat und immer stark mit Handelsinteressen verknüpft war, aber auch mit der Euphorie ihrer Protagonisten. Schade, dass dieses wunderbare, spannend erzählte Buch von Andrea Wulf nicht auch ins Deutsche übersetzt wurde. Warum nur das Buch von Humboldt? Die Welt ist soviel reicher an Pionieren, zumal wenn ihre Geschichten so gut erzählt werden. Hier eine kurze Zusammenfassung zur Orientierung: Prolog Mit seinen ersten Nelken-Hybriden 1716 leitet Thomas Fairchild in England die Blüte der englischen Gartenkunst ein, die vorher maßgeblich durch die italienische und französische Tradition bestimmt war. Züchtung und die Plünderung ihrer Kolonialgebiete durch wagemutige Sammler und Abenteurer macht in der Folge England zu einer Weltmacht. 1. Der reiche englische Stoffhändler und Pflanzenliebhaber Peter Collinson (1694-1768) geht mit dem Pflanzer John Bartram (1699-1777) in Philadelphia in den amerikanischen Kolonien Mitte des 18 Jh. einen jahrzehntelang dauernden Handel ein. Ursprünglich für seinen Garten in Peckham gedacht, erobern Form-und Farbenpracht der übersandten amerikanischen Flora von dort aus die englischen Gärten. 2. Der Gärtner Philip Miller (1691-1771), der den Chelsea Physic Gardens zum Vorzeigegarten seiner Zeit ausbaut und neue Techniken auch zur Kultur exotischer Pflanzen entwickelt, gibt 1731 ein bis dahin beispielloses Gartenbuch heraus, das praktisch und auch für den Laien verständlich alle Erkenntnisse über Pflanzen und ihre Pflege zusammenfasst. Das Buch macht Furore und gilt als Vorbild und Maßstab für alle zukünftigen Werke. 3. Carl von Linné stösst bei einem Besuch in England im Jahre 1736 mit seinem neuen Klassifizierungssystem „Systema Naturae“ bei den führenden Botanikern seiner Zeit auf Ablehnung. Die Engländer mit dem Vorsitzenden der Royal Society Hans Sloane (1660-1753) an der Spitze favorisieren weiterhin die komplizierten und unübersichtlichen Systeme von John Ray (1627-1705) oder dem französischen Botaniker Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (1656-1708). Linnés Einteilung in nur 24 Klassen auf Basis der Anzahl männlicher (Staubbeutel) und weiblicher Geschlechtsorgane (Stempel und Fruchtblätter) in der Blüte, grenzt für die prüden Engländer an einen Skandal und wird als unwissenschaftlich angesehen. Darüberhinaus stoßen Selbstgefälligkeit und das aufbrausende Temperament Linnés auf Ablehnung. 4. Um den Wunsch nach Neuem aus dem Mutterland zu befriedigen, weitet sich die Sammeltätigkeit von John Bartram in Pennsylvania nach Virginia aus. Er selbst legt ebenfalls einen Garten an und kultiviert dort im Gegenzug Pflanzen aus Europa. Das freundschaftliche Verhältnis zu seinem Auftraggeber Peter Collinson in England wird auch geschäftlich gleichberechtigter. 5. Von 1732 bis zum Höhepunkt im Jahre 1741 erschafft der junge Baron Robert James Petre (1713-1742) in Thorndon in Essex einen Garten, der die Tradition der englischen Gärten begründet. Den Methoden Millers folgend und begünstigt durch die Lage und Bodenbeschaffenheit wird der große Garten zu einem viel bewunderten Landschaftspark, der entscheidend von den Lieferungen Bartrams aus den amerikanischen Kolonien profitiert. 6. Nach dem frühen Tod Petres 1742, befürchtet Collinson negative Auswirkungen auf den Handel mit Amerika und die Zukunft englischer Gärten. Ihm gelingt es, die Schätze aus Thorndon an andere einflussreiche adlige Gartenliebhaber in England zu veräußern und neue Subskribenten für die Samenboxen Bartrams zu gewinnen. Allerdings belastet der englisch-französische Krieg den störungsfreien Austausch mit den englischen Kolonien. Mit Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) gewinnt Bartram in Pennsylvania einen einflussreichen Unterstützer für seine botanischen Interessen. Beide gründen 1744 die American Philosophical Society als Pendant zur Royal Society in London. 7. Mit seiner Veröffentlichung des “Systema Natura” von Linné im Jahre 1753, in der das binomoniale Klassifizierungssystem auf alle bisher bekannten Pflanzen anwendet, wird die Garde der englischen Botaniker vollends gespalten. Während Miller bis zum Schluss das neue System kategorisch ablehnt, lässt sich Collinson mit der Zeit von dessen Vorteilhaftigkeit überzeugen, zumal Zuschreibungen des eigenen Namens für neue Pflanzengattungen für Ehre über den eigenen Tod sorgen. Wie bereits in Amerika, gibt es aber auch in England z.B. mit dem Iren John Ellis (1714-1776) von Anfang an glühende Verfechter des Linnéschen Systems. Mit der Ankunft 1760 von Daniel Solander (1733-1782), einem Schüler Linnés aus Uppsala, in London auf Einladung von Collinson ist der Widerstand gegen das neue System so gut wie gebrochen. 8. Solander emanzipiert sich in London von seinem Lehrer und Auftraggeber Linné, gewinnt mit seiner freundlichen und aufgeschlossenen Art schnell Freunde und Anerkennung. Er schlägt eine eine von Linné vermittelte Professur an der Universität in Sankt Petersburg aus und nimmt auf Betreiben von Collinson 1763 eine Stelle am Museum of National History an, um sich um die umfangreiche Sammlung des verstorbenen Hans Sloane zu kümmern. Das Linnésche System hat mittlerweile auch in England Anerkennung gefunden. England ist zur führenden Nation der Landschaftsgärten und Baumschulen aufgestiegen. Reichtum und Anerkennung einer Person in England materialisiert sich in der exotischen Üppigkeit ihres Gartens. 9. Vom Beginn des 7-jährigen Krieges im Jahre 1756 um die koloniale Vorherrschaft zwischen England und Frankreich wird auch der Handel mit Pflanzen zwischen England und den amerikanischen Kolonien in Mitleidenschaft gezogen. Obwohl mit Ende des Krieges England zur führenden Kolonialmacht aufsteigt, zwingt die Staatsverschuldung England seine amerikanischen Kolonien mit neuen Steuern auf Zucker und Papier zu belasten, was neuerliche Unruhen und eine Unabhängigkeitsbewegung ins Leben ruft. Vor diesem Hintergrund begibt sich Bartram auf neue Sammelexpeditionen in südlichere und westlichere Gefilde u.a. nach Florida. Langsam neigt sich die Ära von Bartram und Collinson dem Ende zu. Mit dem Tod Collinsons im Jahre 1768 wird der Staffelstab an die nächste Generation übergeben. 10. Im Sommer 1768 kurz nach dem Tod Collinsons brechen Joseph Banks (1742-1820) und Daniel Solander mit James Cook auf der „Endeavour“ zur ersten Weltumseglung auf. Als sie drei Jahre später wieder in England anlanden, haben sie entsprechend ihrem Auftrag auf Tahiti den Venusdurchgang beobachtet, die Ostküste Australiens als erstes für England in Besitz genommen, ein Schiffbruch am Great-Barrier Riff mit Mühe und Not überlebt und nebenbei eine Vielzahl neuer Pflanzen mit nach Hause gebracht. Zwischenzeitlich wird das Ansehen des Meistergärtners Philip Miller von einer Kommision mit Füßen getreten. Als ihm Chelsea Physic Gardens aus den Händen genommen wird, stirbt er verbittert mit 80 Jahren im Jahr der Rückkehr der „Endeavour“. 11. Mit der Rückkehr von Banks nach England, beginnt sein Stern in England hell zu leuchten und stellt den von Cook vollständig in den Schatten. Vortragsreisen halten ihn und Solander in Atem und bringen Ihnen Ruhm und Anerkennung ein. Nachdem sein übersteigertes Selbstwertgefühl mit dem Fiasko einer Absage für die zweite Reise mit James Cook einen Dämpfer erfährt, wird Banks für die nächsten Jahrzehnte zum Aushängeschild der englischen Botanik, Förderer und Direktor von Kew Gardens in London und Vorsitzender der Royal Society und gleichzeitig der herausragende Vertreter des englischen Kolonalismus. Die Frucht seiner Reise („Florilegium“) wird aber erst 1980 von der Royal Society in Auszügen veröffenlicht. Die englische Botanik emanzipiert sich vollständig von Linné. Solander wird bis zu seinem unerwarteten Tod 1782 nicht mehr nach Schweden zurückkehren. 12. Mit der Unabhängigkeitserklärung der amerikanischen Kolonien 1783 gehen England wirtschaftlich wichtige Gebiete verloren. Banks schickt in der Folge Vertraute nach Indien und in den pazifischen Raum, um wirtschaftlich wichtige Agrarpflanzen für England zu sichern. In Australien lässt er 1788 in der Botany Bay eine neue Strafkolonie gründen, die er mit den nötigen Ressourcen versorgt. Mit Kapitän Bligh gelingt es ihm, im zweiten Anlauf Brotfrüchte von Tahiti auf die Westindischen Inseln zu bringen, um dort den Sklaven eine Nahrungsgrundlage zu bieten. Auch Baumwolle wird durch ihn dort und in Indien zu einem wichtigen Rohstoff für die heimische Textilindustrie. Er legt gleichfalls die Grundlagen für den Anbau von Tee in Assam und Darjeeling. 13. Im Jahre 1783 stirbt stirbt Carl, Linnés einziger Sohn. Mit seinem Tod steht das umfangreiche Herbarium Linnés zum Verkauf. Der schwedische König Gustav kann nicht verhindern, dass auch dieses einzigartige Erbe nach England geht. Auf Vermittlung von Banks kauft der wohlhabende Botaniker James Edward Smith (1759-1828) die Sammlung und bringt sie in Chelsea unter. Banks und er gründen 1788 die Linnésche Gesellschaft. Damit besitzt England nicht nur in der Gartenkunst und im Kolonialismus, sondern auch in der systematischen Botanik, der Einordnung und Taxonomie der Pflanzen, die Hoheit in der Welt. Mit den Leistungen von Miller, Collinson, Bartram, Linné, Solander und Banks wird England eine Nation von Gärtnern. Banks ist derjenige, der die praktische Gärtnerei, die systematische Botanik und die imperialen Interessen unter einen Hut bringt und zu einem nationalen Unternehmen macht. Epilog Der englische Garten von Wörlitz (Anlage 1769-1773 durch den Fürsten von Anhalt-Dessau) als Beispiel für den Einfluss der englischen Gartenkunst auf Europa. Aber das Original ist nicht zu übertreffen. Solche Gärten befinden sich z.B. in Painshill Park (Surrey) oder Stourhead Garden (Wiltshire) in England.
R**A
Well written and interesting
This book is perfect for crazy plant people who want to discover more about their, so to say, predecessors. The author gives entertaining, interesting and well written information about the personalities who made it possible for all of us today to have exotic species in our houses and gardens. The story told in the book mainly revolves around the UK but there are interesting details about other countries as well. The chapters follow a chronological order and a narrative thread which is not immediately recognizable but reading the book till the end will definitely pay you back.
C**N
Ma chienne l'a dévoré avant moi😀😒 Lecture passionnante 😁
Ma chienne a adoré ce livre 😒 moi je ne l'ai pas encore lu. J'attendais les beaux jours pour le lire au soleil 😒 Je redonnerai un avis constructif quand je l'aurai lu, mais pour l'avoir survolé il à l'air très intéressant et avec quelques jolies illustrations, donc contenu intéressant et joli livre.... Enfin lu... Et tout simplement passionnant ! Très bien écrit, l'histoire de ces hommes qui ont fait de l'Angleterre une nation de jardiniers est racontée comme si on y était. Pour les passionnés d'histoire de l'horticulture et de la botanique, on apprend énormément de choses. On découvre également des essences méconnues. Un livre comme il en existe trop peu, quelle dommage qu'il ne soit pas proposé en français !
D**Y
A gardening history unearthed
Gift recipient loved this book for its insights.
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